Stimulant drugs: Signs of overdose and how to respond 

In this article

What does a stimulant overdose look like? Here’s what you need to know about overdose due to stimulant drugs such as amphetamines, cocaine and ecstasy (MDMA).

What are stimulant drugs? 

Stimulants are a category of drug that increase alertness and heart rate, producing an effect of increased confidence, and energy. 

Large doses of these drugs can result in anxiety, panic, seizures, headaches, stomach cramps, aggression and paranoia. 

Examples of stimulant drugs include amphetamines, cocaine and ecstasy (MDMA). 

Signs of a stimulant overdose 

Physical signs of a stimulant overdose may include: 

  • Hot, flushed or sweaty skin 
  • Headaches 
  • Chest pain 
  • Unsteadiness 
  • Rigid muscles, tremors or spasms 
  • Uncontrolled movements or seizures 
  • Difficulty breathing 

Psychological signs of a stimulant overdose may include:

  • Psychotic symptoms in individuals with no prior mental illness 
  • Severe agitation or panic 
  • Altered mental state, such as confusion or disorientation.

How to respond to a stimulant overdose 

If you suspect someone may be experiencing a stimulant overdose, here’s what you should do: 

  • Before you act, check for danger. 
  • Call an ambulance, tell the operator your location, and stay on the line. 
  • Move the person to a quiet, safe room away from bystanders, noise, excessive light, heat and other stimulation. 
  • Stay with them – do not leave the person alone.

Dos and don’ts 

While you wait for emergency help, here are a few more first aid essentials for a stimulant overdose: 

  • Do NOT give the person anything to eat or drink, or try to induce vomiting. 
  • If confused or panicking, try to reassure them. 
  • If overheating, try to cool them down by loosening outer clothing or putting a wet towel on the back of the neck or under their arms. 
  • If muscle spasms or seizures occur, remove anything from the immediate environment that might cause injury. 
  • If you can’t get a response or the person is unconscious, put them in the recovery position.

Learn more about overdose response

Download our drug fact sheets for more information about different types of drugs, signs of overdose and how to respond in an emergency.

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